查看容器内的进程
docker top命令
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker top daemon_dave
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1667 1652 0 00:04 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true; do echo Hello world; sleep 1; done
root 1873 1667 0 00:07 ? 00:00:00 sleep 1
Docker 统计信息
docker stats 命令，可同时查看多个容器的状态
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker stats daemon_dave daemon_dwayne
CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
daemon_dave 0.04% 184 KiB / 1.938 GiB 0.01% 1.3 kB / 648 B 0 B / 0 B 2
daemon_dwayne 0.04% 188 KiB / 1.938 GiB 0.01% 648 B / 648 B 0 B / 0 B 2
docker stats 输出类似在shell中执行top，会打开一个持续定时刷新的监控页面，监控所指定的容器状态
在容器内部运行进程
docker exec 命令，在容器中额外启动新的进程。在容器内可以运行的进程有两种：后台任务 和 交互式任务（打开shell进行交互）。
- 在容器内运行后台任务：
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker exec -d daemon_dave touch /etc/new_config_file
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
- 在容器内运行交互任务：
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker exec -t -i daemon_dave /bin/bash
root@a4650790fa34:/#
root@a4650790fa34:/#
root@a4650790fa34:/# cd /etc
root@a4650790fa34:/etc# ll | grep new_config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 10 16:14 new_config_file
root@a4650790fa34:/etc# date
Sat Jun 10 16:15:43 UTC 2017
root@a4650790fa34:/etc#
和运行交互式容器一样， -i 和 -t 标志创建tty 并捕获STDIN。
停止守护式容器
docker stop命令
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker stop daemon_dwayne
daemon_dwayne
自动重启容器
- –restart 标志，让Docker自动重启该容器，默认不重启
docker run --restart=always --name daemon_always -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo Hello world; sleep 1; done"
- –restart=always 永远自动重启，不管退出代码
- –restart=on-failure 退出代码非0，异常停止时重启
- –restart=on-failure:5 退出代码非0时，重启容器，最多重启5次。
深入容器
除了通过docker ps命令获取容器信息，还可以使用 docker inspect 命令
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker inspect daemon_always
[
{
"Id": "aa6f4ec363b2d0395f1d884b96fcfe1af99a48ea7bd41557315bec6d09ab777a",
"Created": "2017-06-10T16:22:47.677631323Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true; do echo Hello world; sleep 1; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3757,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2017-06-10T16:22:47.811859301Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:7b9b13f7b9c086adfb6be4d2d264f90f16b4d1d5b3ab9f955caa728c3675c8a2",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/aa6f4ec363b2d0395f1d884b96fcfe1af99a48ea7bd41557315bec6d09ab777a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/aa6f4ec363b2d0395f1d884b96fcfe1af99a48ea7bd41557315bec6d09ab777a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/aa6f4ec363b2d0395f1d884b96fcfe1af99a48ea7bd41557315bec6d09ab777a/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/aa6f4ec363b2d0395f1d884b96fcfe1af99a48ea7bd41557315bec6d09ab777a/aa6f4ec363b2d0395f1d884b96fcfe1af99a48ea7bd41557315bec6d09ab777a-json.log",
"Name": "/daemon_always",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": [
"f76ead4083f2914c802a7e328cbf35602e46b2c2430de179b1567d52973f0f21",
"e4ecd77b8d6dad7429c5dd05e8ef6105cecb54f5f865494a3b5d44a713562c29",
"aceed8518935ee5ac910691d27e7a3394fef236b664e5b12a3b57fd479c7186b"
],
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "always",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/20d678c1e7fa2c5170b5dba00494e3c3d37a982a080db9803e0dd18102db1a36/root",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/aa1ddf886a4061bd4987246591f69c3e0de5ac17a81c84bf4ea7de09195e201b/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/aa1ddf886a4061bd4987246591f69c3e0de5ac17a81c84bf4ea7de09195e201b/upper",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/aa1ddf886a4061bd4987246591f69c3e0de5ac17a81c84bf4ea7de09195e201b/work"
}
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "aa6f4ec363b2",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true; do echo Hello world; sleep 1; done"
],
"Image": "ubuntu",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "ce10f39e5f9c5d95e02a13ca1df1e052b348a5d45367cc3740e0afd9c84e6fbf",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ce10f39e5f9c",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "7ca857a7b08d1e45dacfc7da037f7eea8c6c41048ba6c55936213c3ea8cb26ac",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "874555d6733a1f217f3b3357196477d32d780d33ba1f0fe1937ff6b3268ef919",
"EndpointID": "7ca857a7b08d1e45dacfc7da037f7eea8c6c41048ba6c55936213c3ea8cb26ac",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03"
}
}
}
}
]
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
docker inspect 返回容器的详细配置信息
- -f 或 –format 选定查看结果，支持完整的Go语言模板
docker inspect 可同时查看多个容器
NOTE： 可以通过浏览 /var/lib/docker 目录深入了解Docker的工作原理。该目录存放着Docker的镜像、容器以及容器的配置。所有的容器都保存在/var/lib/docker/containers 目录下。
删除容器
- docker rm 命令删除容器
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
aa6f4ec363b2 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes daemon_always
0ff9cb342acc ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 32 minutes ago Exited (137) 21 minutes ago daemon_dwayne
a4650790fa34 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 36 minutes ago Up 36 minutes daemon_dave
42a796e3602f hello-world "/hello" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 44 minutes ago practical_spence
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker rm daemon_dwayne
daemon_dwayne
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
aa6f4ec363b2 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes daemon_always
a4650790fa34 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 37 minutes ago Up 37 minutes daemon_dave
42a796e3602f hello-world "/hello" 45 minutes ago Exited (0) 45 minutes ago practical_spence
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
- docker rm -f 强制删除正在运行中的容器（1.6.2开始支持）
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
aa6f4ec363b2 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes daemon_always
a4650790fa34 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 37 minutes ago Up 37 minutes daemon_dave
42a796e3602f hello-world "/hello" 45 minutes ago Exited (0) 45 minutes ago practical_spence
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker rm -f daemon_always
daemon_always
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a4650790fa34 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 38 minutes ago Up 38 minutes daemon_dave
42a796e3602f hello-world "/hello" 46 minutes ago Exited (0) 46 minutes ago practical_spence
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
- 删除所有容器： docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
a4650790fa34
42a796e3602f
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@yaoyantest1 etc]#
docker ps 命令 -a 标志 列出所有容器， -q 标志 只返回容器ID不返回其他信息。将容器ID列表传给 docker rm -f 命令处理，所以所有容器被删除。
<学习用书《第一本Docker书》James Turnbull>